Brake mechanism



R. J. NORTON BRAKE MECHANISM Sept. 6, 1932.

Filed Jan. 9, 1929 Patented Sept. 6 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

mmonn .1. non'ron, or wasnmeron,

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGIVOB TO BENDII BRAKE COMPANY, OI SOUTE BEND, INDIANA, A CORPORATION 01 ILLINOIS 3mm nncnamsn Application fled January 9, 1829. Serial No. 331,296.

This invention relates to brake mechanisms and more articularly to an improved combination of a brake member and friction ma terial.

The usual automotive brake mechanism comprises a drum secured to a vehicle wheel, or propeller shaft, with which is associated an internal brake shoe or external strap. The shoe or strap is of metal and is PIOVldBdWlth engaging surface of the friction, material is formed with countersinks so that the headof the rivet will initially extend below the surface and will not contact with the adjacent braking flange on the drum. In'most cases p however the rivet is merely forced down into the more or less flexible asbestos facing without any previous countersinkin of the tape.v

In either case, after the frlction facin has worn down, the rivet heads'contact wit ;he braking flange and-abrade the metal. This results in diminished braking efficiency, ioisy operation and the ultimate" necessity )f replacement of the brake drum. In the iverage case, when little attention 15 paid to he position or effect of the securing rivets, he brake drum becomes so scarified before .bout twenty thousand miles of service that it hould be replaced- It is a major object of the invention to proide a brake shoe assemblange in which the se of detachable securing means in elimiated.

Another object is to prolong the effective fe of brake drums by minimizlng the danger f metallic contact therewith.

A further object is to provide a novel lethod of attaching friction facings to brake ioes.

Yet another object is to facilitate the rening of brake shoes.

With these and other equally important )jects in view the invention comprehends -.e attachment of a friction facing to a brake which typifies any desired form comprises a brake drum 1 within which are shoe (or strap) by adhering or cementing the parts together and thereby eliminating the use of detachcable metallic securing memrs such as rivets and the like. Briefly considered the method of effectuat- -1n'g the invention comprises incorporating a re uisite amount of rubber or similar'materia in that portion of the friction facing adfizce r t the metallic shoe or strap and then apertures to receive the rivets which'hold"=' the friction material. In some instancestheznding'the material directly to the metal. The lnvention is illustrated, in the accomplanymg drawing, as embodied in a well own type of servo brake. In the drawing the same reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views of which;

associated shoe structure.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail of the shoe and lining.

Flg. 1 is an elevation of a brake ,drum and The apparatus shown in the drawing,

of brake,

mounted the shoes 2, 3. and 4. The shoe 2 is pivotally connected to the intermediate shoe 3 at 5. The intermediate shoe is pivotally conend is anchored on the backing plate.

A return spring 7 is connected to the shoes 2 and 4 to retain them normally in inoperative position. A second spring 7 is connected at one end to the backing plate and at the other adjacent the unanchored end of the anchored shoe 3. The shoes may be spread apart into engagement with the drum by suitable spreading means such as the cam 8.

nected to the servo shoe 4 at 6 and at its other The brake shoe structure may comprise a pair of substantially L shaped members secured back to back as by a riveted or fused connection. As shown, each shoe comprises a braking flange section 9, a central web 10 and a terminal rigidifying or strengthening flange 11.

As indicated hereinbefore, the usual meth- 0d of attaching the brake lining to the metallic shoe structure consists in passing rivets through the asbestos and heading over the protruding ends against the inside face of the shoe. According to the present invention such a method of attachment is dispensed with. In sharp contradistinction to the usual procedure'the present method comprises adhering the lining directly to the brake shoe.

In the preferred embodiment the shoe is formed with integral projections 12 which may be cut out and punched up from t}: material of the shoe. These pro ections are adapted to extend a short distance into the friction facing 13 and, as will be understood, serve to transmit the circumferential thrust from the lining to the shoe. The friction facing may be held against radial displacement relativeto the braking flange by a bonding or adherent layer 14.

In order to insure a firm and enduring bond between the lining and the metallic shoe, it is preferable to modify the usual lining. As an example, the surface of the lining which is adjacent the braking flange of the shoe may first be treated with a suitable rubber containing solution in such a manner as to disperse the rubber through the fibers in the area adjacent the brake shoe, orthe surface of the metal, or both, may be coated with a suitable bonding agent such as sulphur chloride in a solvent such'as benzol. To increase the penetration and dispersion of the sulphur chloride,'the face of the lining may first be wetted by a solvent such as benzene.

After such preliminary treatment, the lin-' ing is forced down on the shoe so that the members 12 project into the lining and the lower face of the lining rests flatly against the surface of the shoe. The shoe may then be placed in a press and heated for a suflicient length of time to cure the rubber. After such treatment, the lining is firmly attached to the metallic shoe by means of the bond presented by the intermediate rubber section.

If desired, the lining may be made up of laminated material so constructed as to provide a refractory intermediate layer or layers which serve to protect the metal bonding layer from the, generated frictional heats. As an example, the lining may be made up, as shown in the drawing, of three layers. The outer layer, which contacts with the drum, may be asbestos tape treated with the usual or any preferred type of impregnants. The lower layer may comprise any suitable fabric in which is incorporated a curable rubber composition. These two layers, or sections, may be bonded together by an intermediate strip comprising a refractory asbestos cement which has the property of firmly adhering to the laminae.

Such a lining may be applied to the shoe in the manner described hereinbefore and the lower layer bonded or cemented directly to the metal. The intermediate layer, as wil be understood, serves not only to join th upper and lower strip but also protects th lower layer and the metal of the shoe from the generated frictional heats.

It will be understood that the invention i susceptible of a wide range of modification: not only as to the material used for the lin ing and for the bonding agent, but also a to the particular methods employed to efi'ec the cementation of the whole llnin'g to th shoe. The specific examples described ar given merely as examples of such modifies tions as embody the underlying principle namely, the elimination of the usual metalli securing means by bonding the lining direci ly to one of the brake members.

, I claimi 1. Awheel brake member comprising metallic shoe and a friction facing bonde to'the shoe throughout the contacting are and means to protect the bonded area fro] frictional heats. I

2. A wheel brake member comprising metallic shoe having radially projecting S8! tions, and a friction facing bonded to tl shoe, and means to shield the bonded are from frictional heats.

3. A wheel brake member comprising metallic shoe having a braking flange, rad ally projecting sections on the braking flang and a fibrous friction material enclosing tl projections and bonded to the flange, the m: terial embodying means to protect the bonde area from frictional heats.

,4. A wheel brake member comprising metallic shoe and a friction facing bonde to the shoe by a non-metallic means, an

means to protect the bonding means fro: frictional heats.

5. A wheel brake member comprising metallic shoe, a friction material adhered 1 the shoe substantially throughout its circun ference and means on the shoe projecting in the friction material and adapted to preve1 relative longitudinal displacement thereo and means to shield the adhered. area fro generated frictional heats.

6. A wheel brake member having a metal] part and a fibrous part cemented togethe and means, included in the fibrous part, protect the cemented area from friction heats.

7. A wheel brake member comprising 2 arcuate metallic section having integral rad ally extending projections, a friction facii fitting over the projections and cemented the section throughout the contacting are and an insulating material embodied in t] facing and adapted to protect the cement section from frictional heats.

8. A brake member comprising a metal] shoe, a layer of material bonded to the shc a layer of friction material, and an inte mediate layer binding the friction layer to the bonded layer. I 9. A brake member. comprising a metallic shoe, 9. layer of material bonded to the shoe, a layer of friction material, and an intermedlate layer binding the friction layer to the bonded layer and protecting the bonded layer from frictional heats. V

10. A wheel brake member comprising an arcuate metallic section having integral radially extending projections, a friction facing fittingover the projections and cemented to the section throughout the contactin area, and a layer of insulating material em odied in the facing and ada ted to protect the cemented section from rictional heats. I

In testimony whereof I aifix my si ature.

RAYMOND J. NOR N. Q 

